Free Will and Determinism - 1619 Words

The problem of free will and determinism is a mystery about what human beings are able to do. The best way to describe it is to think of the alternatives taken into consideration when someone is deciding what to do, as being parts of various â€Å"alternative features† (Van-Inwagen). Robert Kane argues for a new version of libertarianism with an indeterminist element. He believes that deeper freedom is not an illusion. Derk Pereboom takes an agnostic approach about causal determinism and sees himself as a hard incompatibilist. I will argue against Kane and for Pereboom, because I believe that Kane struggles to present an argument that is compatible with the latest scientific views of the world. Robert Kane begins by explaining that there are†¦show more content†¦If described from a physical perspective, free will looks like chance. However, the indeterministic chaotic process is also, experientially, the agent’s effort of will – something the agent is do ing. The agent’s choice is something that the agent does and not something that happens to the agent. Therefore, the choice reflects the agent’s effort, even though the outcome is not yet determined. Kane ends his argument by saying that these reflections naturally raise further questions about whether the indeterminism required by an incompatibilist theory of free will is actually there in the brain and that every undetermined, self-forming, free choice is the initiation of what might be called a â€Å"value experiment† whose justification lies in the future and is not fully explained by past reasons. Derk Pereboom’s position is an agnostic approach about causal determinism. He contends that if causal determinism were true, we do not have the sort of free will required for moral responsibility. As a hard compatibilist, he believes that life without this kind of free will need not preclude a sense of meaning based on morality, and, in some respects, it co uld even be support it. When arguing against compatibilism, Pereboom first defines compatibilism as free will of the type required for moral responsibility. He says that it is compatible with determinism and that compatibilists will say that we do in fact have this sort of free will. He then defines a libertarianist as someoneShow MoreRelatedDeterminism Between Free Will And Determinism Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesDeterminism relates directly to The Fountain in Tommy’s journey as he changes through the guidance of Izzi’s from fearing and fighting death, to acceptance and grace in its inevitability. This journey is central to the film as the lighting -dark to light-, colours -black to white- and shapes –triangles to rectangles to circles- all symbolically represent this movement from fear, denial and blindness to enlightenment, acceptance and grace. It is in the climax of this journey that the conflict betweenRead MoreFree Will And Determinism Vs. Determinism1074 Words   |  5 PagesFree Will and Determinism For something to occur in this world, there must be the course and the reason for the occurrence, and which will then affect other future consequences. The theory of determinism states that all events whether moral choices or vices are predetermined by other existing courses. In the same connection, the free will of humans is connected to determinism since humans do things the best way, or they cannot act otherwise. According to Saul McLeod, â€Å"the determinist approach proposesRead MoreFree Will vs Determinism627 Words   |  3 PagesTed Honderich Determinism Vs Free Will Psychology 101-1322 Professor: James Pattison By: Belinda Bielicki July 2, 2011 Determinism versus Free Will: The most important and the oldest philosophical question is perhaps that of free will and determinism. Do people have free will, or are our actions pre-determined? Ted Honderich defined determinism as the philosophical idea that every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the inevitable and necessaryRead MoreFree Will Vs. Determinism879 Words   |  4 PagesFree Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By thisRead MoreEssay on Determinism and Free will1004 Words   |  5 PagesDeterminism and Free will Suppose that every event or action has a sufficient cause, which brings that event about. Today, in our scientific age, this sounds like a reasonable assumption. After all, can you imagine someone seriously claiming that when it rains, or when a plane crashes, or when a business succeeds, there might be no cause for it? Surely, human behavior is caused. It doesnt just happen for no reason at all. The types of human behavior for which people are held morally accountableRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Free Will1089 Words   |  5 Pages Determinism vs. Free will The belief that all events have causes and if there ever is an equivalent origin, the same outcome will occur is called determinism. Almost meaning that every event is certain and that there really isn’t such thing as â€Å"free will†. We have the debut of free will, it is an unmitigated appearance that simply holds that there is a case about anything that happens in the near future, nevertheless how it comes about. Which leads to the question, do we have free will? OrRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Free Will1341 Words   |  6 PagesDeterminism is a doctrine suggesting that for every event there exist conditions that could cause no alternative event. Free will is a philosophical term describing a particular sort of capacity of rational agents to choose a course of action from among various alternatives. Understandably, the dichotomy between these two concepts is a topic philosophers have debated over for many years. As a result of these debates, a number of alternative philo sophical perspectives arguing for the existence ofRead MoreDiscussion On Free Will And Determinism1332 Words   |  6 Pagesgoing to discuss and argue about free will and determinism. What is free will, and do we have it? Free will is simply the power to act with no constraint, in other words, to act freely with no one holding us down. The controversial argument of this topic is if we have free will or not. According to physical determinism, â€Å"If our brain is in a certain state, then our next move is determined. Therefore, we do not have free will† (Holbach). According to others, we do have free will. In my paper, I will talkRead MoreThe Matrix Of Free Will And Determinism Essay2191 Words   |  9 Pagespertaining to determinism. Determinism is the theory that every event that occurs is caused to occur such that what obtains in the future could not have been different given what has obtained in the past. This issue persists throughout the entire trilogy and shapes the d evelopment of the characters and the story. The films borrow ideas from various forms of media, including philosophers like Baron Paul Henry d’Holbach, to create a film series that questions the idea of free will and determinism. The filmsRead MoreFree Will Compatible With Determinism Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Donis Professor Ryan Hay Phil. 190 11 December, 2015 Free Will Compatible With Determinism Free will – a concept that always brings forth the question, â€Å"Does free will exist?† There are various arguments that come from both sides of the discussion, those in favor of free will based on religious text, and those that can argue that free will is a concept and ideal created to give humans the illusion that they have the ability to choose what they can do in life.The question

Constitution Essay - 674 Words

Constitution Essay Our constitution is the basis of what this country is about. This country stands for freedom and starting a life where you truly have the free will to do as you please. The constitution wasnt created right away, opposed to what many people think. They had to go through trial and error until they came about the Constitution. First, there was the Articles Of Confederation, which was a rough layout of the Constitution. Then when we found the flaws in that we created the amendments. The main amendments to the Constitution are the first ten, which protect the rights of the people; these have come around to be known as The Bill Of Rights. The first shot at establishing a government was the Articles Of†¦show more content†¦They made sure to change that in the Constitution. Now they are allowed to regulate trade between any and all states. They can also make sure the states follow the National laws in which the government was trying to enforce. And final ly the biggest difference is the passage of amendments. Through the Articles Of Confederation, to change any bit of it they needed all 13 States approval. This made is extremely hard for the Articles to get an amendment in any way considering that every state had a different opinion on any view brought up in Congress. The big key in the Constitution is that you just need the majority, otherwise known as the two-thirds rule. You need two-thirds of Congress to accept an amendment to the Constitution to add it. Considering how much easier it is to bring in an amendment to the Constitution it makes our country a lot easier to establish fairness for everyone. During the years of the Articles Of Confederation not a single amendment was added. From the years of the Constitution there has been a total of 27 amendments. The most important however are known as the Bill Of Rights, or the first ten amendments. So as you can see the Constitution gives each state the room to breathe, but also watches over them to make sure there is no weak link in the chain. I believe theShow MoreRelatedThe Making of the Constitution Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have always wondered whether the making of Constitution of the United States was, in fact, supposed to happen at the Constitutional Convention or if it was even supposed to be drawn up in the way it was. In this essay, I will summarize to different views on what went on at the Constitutional Convention and how the Constitution of the United States come about. I want to emphasize that none of these views or theories discussed in this essay are my own. The convention that is referred to wasRead MoreThe Australian Constitution Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesThe Australian Constitution Will Australia become a republic in the next twenty years? This is a difficult question to speculate on. The main area of law governing this issue is section 128 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (U.K). Other issues in this debate are regarding appointment, termination and the powers to be awarded to the proposed Head of State, and the impact the change will have on the States. Examining the history of Australian Legislative powers, and reasonsRead MoreThe Making of the Constitution Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Making of the Constitution The Constitution of the United States, the fundamental law of the United States of America. Drafted by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pa., between May 25 and Sept. 17, 1787, it is the worlds oldest written constitution still in effect. The document presents a set of general principles out of which implementing statutes and codes have emerged. As such, it embodies the essence of constitutionality--that government must beRead MoreSummary of Charles Beards Framing the Constitution. Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Beard’s suggested that the Constitution was a document that was only created to protect the framer’s wealth. Beard believed that the reason why the rich framers wanted to protect against majority rule was to prevent the majority to overthrow the rich. Beard did manage to fit most of the framers under â€Å"rich† categories such as lawyers, landowners, and merchants. But, he failed to realize that the framers limited majority rule to protect the rights of minorities, also. The framers attemptedRead MoreThe Constitution of the U.K. Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Constitution of the U.K. There are two meanings to the word constitution the first is that It will contain all of the rules for the organisation of the state.and secondly It will usuall be ‘entrenced’ which means that it is hard to change. The constitution of a country is a set of rules regulating the powers of its government and the rights and duties of its citizens. In all but a few democracies in the world, the nations constitution canRead MoreThe Constitution Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pages The preamble introduces the constitution. It states that the government comes from the people. Its general purposes are in order to form a more perfect union we have to â€Å"Establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.† (Remy, United States Government, McGraw Hill companies, Ohio, 2002) Its purpose is to make a good government and good laws, have peace in our homes, nationalRead MoreConfederation and Constitution Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe Constitution of 1787of the United States of America is signed by 38 of 41 delegates present at the conclusion of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Supporters of the document paid a hard won battle to win ratification by the necessary nine out of thirteen U.S. states. The Articles of Confederation, ratified just before the British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. Congress the central authority had the control to govern foreign concerns, conduct war, and control currency. These powersRead MoreThe Arizona Constitution Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesArizona Constitution Arizona gain statehood on February 14, 1912 as the forty-eighth state in the union. There were several events that led Arizona to statehood. President William Taft vetoed the first document for Arizona to become a state because he did not believe that citizens should use recall to remove judges from office (SU, 2008). This essay will give a detail timeline of the events leading up to Arizona becoming a state and the adoption of the Arizona Constitution. Also, included in thisRead MorePowers of the Constitution Essay546 Words   |  3 PagesPowers of the Constitution The national and state governments derive their respective powers from the Constitution in several ways. Some powers are explicitly stated while others are not. Understanding the various types of powers can be difficult and this essay is an attempt to clarify them. The Tenth Amendment of the Constitution states, The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, orRead MoreRatification of Constitution Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Constitution has been operative since 1789 after the ratification of nine states (American Vision and Values, Page 52). Today many question the relevancy of a document 222 years old to our society. The Founders created a governmental framework, defining three branches and giving powers to the government and others to the states. It also guarantees the rights of the people. It took two and one-half years for the 13 colonies to ratify the Constitution. This ratification period was one of great

A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice Stillwell free essay sample

Susan B. Stillwell is clinical associate professor and program coordinator of the Nurse Educator Evidence-Based Practice Mentorship Program at Arizona State University in Phoenix, where Ellen Fineout-Overholt is clinical professor and director of the Center for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice, Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk is dean and distinguished foundation professor of nursing, and Kathleen M. Williamson is associate director of the Center for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice. Contact author: Susan B. Stillwell, [emailprotected] This is the third article in a series from the Arizona State University College of Nursing and Health Innovations Center for the Advancement of Evidence-Based Practice. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a problem-solving approach to the delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence from studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values. When delivered in a context of caring and in a supportive organizational culture, the highest quality of care and best patient outcomes can be achieved. The purpose of this series is to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to implement EBP consistently, one step at a time. Articles will appear every two months to allow you time to incorporate information as you work toward implementing EBP at your institution. Also, weve scheduled Ask the Authors call-ins every few months to provide a direct line to the experts to help you resolve questions. Details about how to participate in the next call will be published with Mays Evidence-Based Practice, Step by Step. To fully implement evidence-based practice (EBP), nurses need to have both a spirit of inquiry and a culture that supports it. In our first article in this series (Igniting a Spirit of Inquiry: An Essential Foundation for Evidence-Based Practice, November 2009), we defined a spirit of inquiry as an ongoing curiosity about the best evidence to guide clinical decision making. A spirit of inquiry is the foundation of EBP, and once nurses possess it, its easier to take the next step—to ask the clinical question.1 Formulating a clinical question in a systematic way makes it possible to find an answer more quickly and efficiently, leading to improved processes and patient outcomes. In the last installment, we gave an overview of the multistep EBP process (The Seven Steps of Evidence-Based Practice, January). This month well discuss step one, asking the clinical question. As a context for this discussion well use the same scenario we used in the previous articles (see Case Scenario for EBP: Rapid Response Teams). In this scenario, a staff nurse, lets call her Rebecca R., noted that patients on her medical–surgical unit had a high acuity level that may have led to an increase in cardiac arrests and in the number of patients transferred to the ICU. Of the patients who had a cardiac arrest, four died. Rebecca shared with her nurse manager a recently published study on how the use of a rapid response team resulted in reduced in-hospital cardiac arrests and unplanned admissions to the critical care unit. 2 She believed this could be a great idea for her hospital. Based on her nurse managers suggestion to search for more evidence to support the use of a rapid response team, Rebeccas spirit of inquiry led her to take the next step in the EBP process: asking the clinical question. Lets follow Rebecca as she meets with Carlos A., one of the expert EBP mentors from the hospitals EBP and research council, whose role is to assist point of care providers in enhancing their EBP knowledge and skills. Types of clinical questions. Carlos explains to Rebecca that finding evidence to improve patient outcomes and support a practice change depends upon how the question is formulated. Clinical practice thats informed by evidence is based on well-formulated clinical questions that guide us to search for the most current literature. There are two types of clinical questions: background questions and foreground questions.3-5 Foreground questions are specific and relevant to the clinical issue. Foreground questions must be asked in order to determine which of two interventions is the most effective in improving patient outcomes. For example, In adult patients undergoing surgery, how does guided imagery compared with music therapy affect analgesia use within the first 24 hours post-op? is a specific, well-defined question that can only be answered by searching the current literature for studies comparing these two interventions. Background questions are considerably broader and when answered, provide general knowledge. For example, a background question such as, What therapies reduce postoperative pain? can generally be answered by looking in a textbook. For more information on the two types of clinical questions, see Comparison of Background and Foreground Questions.4-6 Ask the question in PICOT format. Now that Rebecca has an understanding of foreground and background questions, Carlos guides her in formulating a foreground question using PICOT format. Ask the question in PICOT format. Now that Rebecca has an understanding of foreground and background questions, Carlos guides her in formulating a foreground question using PICOT format. TABLE. Comparison of Background and Foreground Questions 4-6 PICOT is an acronym for the elements of the clinical question: patient population (P), intervention or issue of interest (I), comparison intervention or issue of interest (C), outcome(s) of interest (O), and time it takes for the intervention to achieve the outcome(s) (T). When Rebecca asks why the PICOT question is so important, Carlos explains that its a consistent, systematic way to identify the components of a clinical issue. Using the PICOT format to structure the clinical question helps to clarify these components, which will guide the search for the evidence.6, 7 A well-built PICOT question increases the likelihood that the best evidence to inform practice will be found quickly and efficiently.5-8

The Hound Of The Baskervilles review Essay Example For Students

The Hound Of The Baskervilles review Essay The story creates clues throughout which lead to truth and this adds suspense to the novel. Also cliffhangers at the end of chapters, Watsons reports and strange happenings add to the suspense. This all leads to a dramatic ending. The end of chapters create suspense and lots of dramatic tension by leaving the chapter on a cliff-hanger I swear that another day shall not have passed before I have done all that man can do to reach the heart of the mystery. This example is taken from an extract of Watsons diary at the end of the chapter and leaves an exciting pause, when anything could happen. We will write a custom essay on The Hound Of The Baskervilles review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We see all of this through Watsons eyes and he is the one who describes everything in detail. The evidence for this lies in his characterized and detailed reports that he has sent to his dear Holmes. These reports create suspense and keep the reader hooked throughout the novel by finishing a chapter and having to read on to find out what happens next. The first mention of the legend of the hound started when Dr. Mortimer reports, there stood a foul thing, a great black beast shaped like a hound yet larger than any hound that ever mortal eye has rested upon. This helps us understand everything about the legend and how it started. Sherlock Holmes seems extremely intrigued with the whole situation and we expect him to go to Baskerville hall himself but instead he sends Watson and quotes it is impossible for me to be absent from London for an indefinite time. Sherlock is a clever man as we can just tell by his detective skills, he knows what hes doing but I didnt think he would leave Watson on the case on his own because he would most probably fear for his safety and also Watson needed Holmes to help in the end anyway. So my point overall is that Holmes had the knowledge to solve this case and hes always in the right place at the right time. When Sir Henry, Dr. Mortimer and Watson first arrive at Baskerville hall we get our first glimpse of the moor Over the green squares of fields the low curve of wood there rose in a distance a grey, melancholy hill, with a strange jagged summit, dim and vague in the distance, like some fantastic landscape in a dream. This description sounds extremely dismal as the colours are so depressing but as the sentence finishes you get a visual image of a beautiful dream. This all contrasts with the next look we get at it and I walked far upon the soddon moor, full of dark imaginings, the rain beating upon my face and the wind whistling about my ears this quote certainly doesnt sound as correct as the first one as its not as pleasant, this adds suspense because if the weather was sunny and perfect it wouldnt be a place for a killing.