How to Write a Great TOEFL or TOEIC Essay

How to Write a Great TOEFL or TOEIC Essay Writing an essay can be a difficult enough task as it is; writing it a language that is your first language is even harder. If youre taking the TOEFL or the TOEIC and have to complete a writing assessment, then read these instructions for organizing a great five-paragraph essay in English. Paragraph One: The Introduction This first paragraph, made up of 3-5 sentences, has two purposes: grabbing the readers attention, and providing the main point (thesis) of the whole essay. To get the readers attention, your first few sentences are key. Use descriptive words, an anecdote, a striking question or an interesting fact related to your topic to draw the reader in. To state your main point, your last sentence in the first paragraph is key. Your first few sentences of the introduction basically introduce the topic and grab the readers attention. The last sentence of the introduction tells the reader what you think about the assigned topic and lists the points that youre going to write about in the essay.Heres an example of a good introductory paragraph given the topic, Do you think teenagers should have jobs while they are still students?: Ive worked ever since I was twelve. As a teenager, I cleaned houses for my family members, made banana splits at an ice cream parlor, and waited tables at various restaurants. I did it all while carrying a pretty good grade point average in school, too! I definitely believe that teenagers should have jobs while they are still students because a job teaches discipline, earns them cash for school, and keeps them out of trouble. Paragraphs Two - Four: Explaining Your Points Once youve stated your thesis, you have to explain yourself! The thesis in the example introduction was I definitely believe that teenagers should have jobs while they are still students because a job teaches discipline, earns them cash for school, and keeps them out of trouble. The job of the next three paragraphs is to explain the points of your thesis using statistics, examples from your life, literature, the news or other places, facts, examples, and anecdotes. Paragraph Two: Explains the first point from your thesis: Teenagers should have jobs while they are still students because a job teaches discipline. Paragraph Three: Explains the second point from your thesis: Teenagers should have jobs while they are still students because a job earns them cash for school. Paragraph Four: Explains the third point from your thesis: Teenagers should have jobs while they are still students because a job keeps them out of trouble. In each of the three paragraphs, your first sentence, called the topic sentence, will be the point youre explaining from your thesis. After the topic sentence, youll write 3-4 more sentences explaining why this fact is true. The last sentence should transition you to the next topic. Heres an example of what paragraph two would look like: First, teenagers should have jobs while they are still students because a job teaches discipline. When I was working at the ice cream store, I had to show up every day on time or I would have gotten fired. That taught me how to keep a schedule, which is a big part of learning discipline. As I cleaned the floors and washed the windows of my family members homes, I knew they would be checking up on me, so I worked hard to do my best, which taught me an important facet of discipline, which is thoroughness. But being disciplined isnt the only reason its a good idea for teenagers to work during school; it can also bring in the money! Paragraph Five: Concluding the Essay Once youve written the introduction, explained your main points in the body of the essay, transitioning nicely between them all, your final step is to conclude the essay. The conclusion, made up of 3-5 sentences, has two purposes: to recap what youve stated in the essay, and leave a lasting impression on the reader. To recap, your first few sentences are key. Restate the three major points of your essay in different words, so you know the reader has understood where you stand. To leave a lasting impression, your last sentences are key. Leave the reader with something to think about before ending the paragraph. You could try a quote, a question, an anecdote, or simply a descriptive sentence. Heres an example of a conclusion: I cant speak for anyone else, but my experience has taught me that having a job while being a student is a very good idea. Not only does it teach people to have character in their lives, it can give them the tools they need to succeed like money for college tuition or a good reputation. Sure, its hard to be a teenager without the added pressure of a job, but with all the benefits of having one, its too important not to make the sacrifice. Like Mike would say, Just do it.

bombs essays

Land Mines/bombs essays Land mines greatly contribute to the danger of international security because they are used as military weapons. Because land mines have caused great destruction there has been an effort from international and non-governmental organizations to ban mines and clear areas infected with them. Land mines have become a humanitarian issue because they have and still are taking the lives of innocent civilians. The Treaty of Ottawa officially banned the use of land mines. Yet supporters of the treaty know better than to assume they are victorious. The following essay will address the necessary obligations for a final victory and reveal why land mines are a threat to international security. The UN has estimated there have been more than 100 million land mines in sixty-two countries (Boutros-Ghali). They are the weapon of choice for many militaries because they are cheap, accessible, and easy to use. Land mines are also known as hidden killers because it is not possible to discover where they a re or how many there are. After wars are over, the land mines remain, threatening the peace and rebuilding of societies. More and more victims are civilians who endure excessive harm or death. Every 22 minutes a person is harmed from a land mine. And since 1975 there have been more than one million casualties. ...

While the Budget factored in a decline in Australias terms of trade, Essay - 2

While the Budget factored in a decline in Australias terms of trade, the fall in global commodity prices over recent months has been larger than anticipated - Essay Example A rise in this economic measure will enable Australia to buy more imports for fewer amounts of exports which in turn will increase the domestic real income. The volatility in terms of trade will induce volatility in the expenditures of the consumers as well as investment. Throughout history, Australia has been subjected to declining as well as volatile terms of trade. The situation changed after 1986. Since this year the country has been subjected to less volatile terms of trade while it is slightly upward rising trend. The terms of trade of the country has been positively correlated with economic growth of the globe. When the economic growth was strong, the terms of trade rose while the situation was just the opposite when the economic growth was slow. In the year 2000, the terms of trade of the country increased in spite of slowing down of the world economy. There are two key components on the terms of trade of the country namely the global prices of the exports and imports of the country and the goods basket of the exports and imports. The country has the ability to affect the global prices the developments within the country also have the potential to influence the terms of trade. An increase in the global prices of coal compared with ICT goods will contribute in raising the terms of trade as the country is net exporter of coal and importer of ICT goods. There has been a wide positive correlation between the terms of trade and the exchange rate prevailing over that period. The nominal or the real exchange rate has fallen since the financial crisis of mid 1998. The import prices tend to be affected by the regional influences but the export prices are influenced by world prices. In the short run the prices of imports floored more swiftly than the export prices. The exchange rate got boosted. The uneven growth in productivity in tradable or in non-tradable goods sector contributed to

Lamborghini Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lamborghini - Case Study Example Here the word finite list is emphasized because the job of the manager is not to make an exhaustive list of all the factors that may affect the organization. But focus should be on key environmental variables that could influence business"1. As mentioned above, understanding of the internal and external environment of the business is very crucial for the basic function of planning to take place in an organization. An awareness of one's self and the surrounding environment is the first step in the long journey of survival and success for an organization. After the analysis of the environment, both internal and external, planning is the next activity which involves the future of the entity. The analysis of the present and to be prepared for the future is the essence of planning. Hence, understanding the environment and the relevance on its competitive business strategy is vital for the organization to grow and to create value for the stakeholders. Next, to tackle all the challenges for a company, a good business strategy should be supported by the commitment for implementation and good control mechanism. In creating the strategy and the performance climate the business manager uses facts, reasonable premises it has to take advantage of the opportunities to steer ahead of the competition. ... The founder of the company Mr. Ferruccio Lamborghini first started with a tractor assembling unit after the World war II from the army vehicles left behind by the Allied Forces. The popular story tells that Lamborghini wanted to create a car that is in no way inferior to the Ferrari and much better than the Ferrari. But company sources say this story may not be the real reason but Mr. Lamborghini felt that there was a great opportunity in the market for well finished luxury cars. After the success of the tractor business, he wanted to enter into the luxury cars segment, because there was still gap in the market left by the Ferrari. Hence, he formed a team of engineers and developed his own V12 engines and developed his own brand. This again became very popular and profitable. But in the 1970s the company became bankrupt and the owner ship changed into than hands to Mimran brothers. After more than two decades of a series of changes in the ownership, the company now belongs to the Audi group which again is a subsidiary of the automobile giant Volkswagen group. The vast technical resources of the Audi group have been very beneficial to the Lamborghini group to develop successful models such as the modern Spyder. With the rich tradition and reputation for building high quality and sophisticated cars, the Automobili Lamborghini continues to be a huge hit in the market. In this backgorund, the following essay attempts to understand the relevance of the mission, vision and the corporate strategy of one of the world's renowned brand of cars the Lamborghini. By understanding the background materials for the preparation of this essay, it has become possible to understand the interdependency

Getting over a Betrayal Essay Example for Free

Getting over a Betrayal Essay This song brings forth a feeling of that even though a loss of a loved one is a heart wrenching experience there is nothing a person can do to change the outcome of what has happened. My Immortal† seems to be more about losing ones own sense of identity and self-worth due to the loss and/or betrayal of a loved one than about the actual loss of the loved one: These wounds won’t seem to heal/ This pain is just too real/There’s just too much that time cannot erase (7-9) By the end of the song, the survivor of the story is emotionally drained and paralyzed with the fear by the memory of the betrayer. The survivor of the incident just wants those memories of hurt and betrayal to go away. This pain is felt in the opening stanzas of the song. And if you have to leave/I wish that you would just leave/Your presence still lingers here/ And it won’t leave me alone (3-6). The theme of â€Å"My Immortal† is the struggle of trying to get rid of the feeling of betrayal and of guilt. The betrayer has hurt or betrayed her in a way that she can never recover from the emotional damage. You used to captivate me/ By your resonating light/ Now I’m bound by the life you left behind (14-16) For the rest of the girls’ life, she will be imprisoned by him. She sacrificed everything for him. After years of being together, he throws everything she has done for him back in her face. She know feels like that she will never be free of him Your face it haunts/My once pleasant dreams (15, 16) The effect of this song brings forth many different emotions. This song brings to light that if one lets a past betrayal or losses rule their life, there will never be any peace for the individual. The individual needs to let go of the hurt, even though they are feeling that they were alone the entire time they were with that one person. I’ve tried so hard to tell myself that you’re gone/ But though you’re still with me/ I’ve been alone all along ( 24-26) It hurts being betrayed by a loved one. The reality that she was all alone in her love when he was with her and ironically, now that hes left her, she isnt alone: He torments her with the memories of his betrayal (perhaps complicated by her genuine love for who she thought he was. ) These wounds won’t seem to heal/ This pain is just to real/ There’s just too much that time cannot earse (21-23) Works Cited Evanescence.

The Turkish-Venetian War in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

The Turkish-Venetian War in Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to A. L. Rowse, William Shakespeare's Othello is one of the most perfect plays ever written (13). There is practically nothing in it that does not contribute to plot or character development (unlike Hamlet, which is filled with a large cast, complexities, and sub-plots). G. B. Harrison agrees that the construction is perfect (1058). Only two brief scenes with a clown in Act III don't seem to advance the play any. That, and one strange plot element: the Turkish war and change of locale from Venice to Cyprus. If the play be merely about Iago convincing a jealous Othello that his wife is sleeping with Cassio, why bother having a war between Acts I and II? None of the characters are killed or wounded in the war, nor does the politics of the Venetian acquisitions affect the plot (in Act IV, scene 1, Lodovico speculates that Othello is angry because he's called home, but we know he's really angry because he thinks his wife is cheating on him), nor are there a ny speeches expounding on either the glories or horrors of war, such as there are in Henry V and Julius Caesar. Why then, in this most perfect of plays, is there such a major element as a war? What possible relevance could it have to Iago's plots and Othello's jealous rage? I contend that the war is extremely important--it is the very crux upon which the entire plot turns. When we first meet Othello, he is the epitome of a calm, self-assured, non-provocative military general more concerned with honor, virtue, and his social standing than with war and battles. His very first line is, "It is better as it is" (1.2.6). This is a conservative, contented man, actually opposed to violence. Note how he breaks up the fight betwe... ...ith Introduction. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Vaughan, Virginia Mason, and Kent Cartwright, eds. Othello: New Perspectives. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press, 1991. Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

Transformation in “An Imaginary Life”

Tables Made into Trees Transformation is one of principal themes of David Malouf’s short novel An Imaginary Life. Sent to a barbarian village in the outskirts of the Roman Empire, Ovid is forced to make changes to himself to find even the smallest bits of happiness. He starts to notice and absorb nature which, in turn, helps teaches him about himself. He first starts to notice his mental state improving from bleak to bright. He also begins to observe his surroundings and allow them to open his eyes and improve his attitude.These surroundings have a beautiful and powerful effect on Ovid and he learns that they can teach him more about his own emotions and thoughts than society ever could. The Boy is also a part of Ovid’s transformation. He is a tool and a link between human society and nature. While Ovid tries to teach the Boy about human culture, it is the Boy that teaches Ovid about being human. Malouf uses many tools including Ovid’s mind, nature, and the Boy t o facilitate Ovid’s transformation throughout the novel.One of the major aspects of Ovid’s transformation is based on his mental state and his outlook on his situation. The first glimpse we get into his thoughts comes in the opening paragraphs when he is describing what seem to be his surroundings. He portrays the setting as a bleak and dull place with nothing worth mention and no hope to be had but he ends his description with â€Å"But I am describing a state of mind, no place†(16). This shocks the reader and exposes Ovid’s current state of mind. This bleak, pessimistic description is then contrasted to a joyful, beautiful description of a scarlet poppy.The contrast provides insight into the importance of changes in the natural environment, as Ovid is change from being troubled by the bleakness and emptiness of life that surrounds him to being overcome with joy from the color of the poppy. While he is on this high of emotions, he questions whether the p eople from his old life in Rome would look poorly upon him for the exaggerated happiness he feels because of the flower. This shows the separation of his natural surroundings and society. It also marks the beginning of his transformation to natural world acceptance.Ovid’s identity is also molded by his surroundings. He starts to adapt to his new home and become more in tune with the people and the landscape. An example is when he starts to learn hunting from the village people. It brings him closer to nature which, in turn, teaches him aspects about himself. He finds himself able to purely express himself physically and emotionally rather than being caught up in Roman traditions. He learns that nature has the ability to teach men about human existence. The societies, like him, are shaped by their surroundings.In Rome, he was surrounded by civilized and advanced culture. This culture had formed by changing the nature that surrounded them. They built great buildings and intrica te roads; thus distancing themselves from nature. This not only changed the way they lived, but the people that lived there. On the other hand, the barbarians that Ovid was exiled to live with are much closer to nature. They live more modestly and are more in tune with the environment. When the poet is engulfed by this society, he changes naturally to fit in over time. Even the language changes Ovid.His point of realization of the language’s affects on him is when he decides to teach the boy the barbarian dialect. â€Å"I have come to a decision. The language I shall teach the Child is the language of these people I have come among, and not after all my own. And in making that decision I know I have made another. I shall never go back to Rome†¦ So I admit openly to myself what I have long known in my heart. I belong to this place now. I have made it mine. I am entering the dimensions of my self† (94-95). This is a major turning point in Ovid’s transformatio n.It is when he makes the decision to shed his old life and replace it for his new on one. He is fully submerging himself in this new existence and is opening himself up willingly for change. The Boy is another tool of transformation during the novel. Once again, it can be accredited to the environment and conditions he and Ovid are in. Ovid strives for a sense of belonging and unity with all the elements and tries to force the same upon the boy. After some time he becomes fascinated with the Boy’s ability mimic the sounds of nature.Ovid starts to admire the Boy’s personality and is intrigued by the fact that he has mastered life in nature. Nature and wilderness made by God are what the boy has faced and lived through while all Ovid has done is survive a society made by mere men. The Boy and Ovid are very similar though. They are both affected and react to changes in their environment. When first captured, the Boy reacts violently and is tied up with cloths. This is sy mbolic as it signifies both the physical and mental restraints caused by the conformity of civilized society.These bonds hold him back just as Ovid’s cultivation impedes him. Later on in the wintertime, the Boy’s sickness reflects both the physical sickness caused by captivity and the lack of freedom that men endure in order to work against, not with, the elements and nature. Conversely, when the Boy is finally released into his natural habitat, he is happy to return and is even willing to care for Ovid in it because he thrives there. At the end of the novel, when he is in the field, he finds ultimate satisfaction and freedom from what he used to be.The vast openness and immensity of the land which once scared him becomes his source of food and drink. Through his progression and changes, he finds himself at and endpoint in which he is satisfied in mind, body, and spirit. The vast openness and immensity of the land which once scared him became his source of food and dri nk. The natural environment impacts Ovid so much that age and small details of life no longer bother him. He sees that the existence of human life is everlasting. He is transformed to the point of total satisfaction. His final statement sums up his conversion to his new self, â€Å"I am there. He benefits from belonging to the wilderness and not being defined by society. Ovid makes a complete transformation over the course of this novel. He is influenced by his surroundings and finds himself being changed by them. These conversions first happen in his mind, then through nature and language, and finally through the Boy. Ovid finds himself changing as the book progresses and reaches a point of complete happiness and contentment at the end of the novel.? Works Cited Malouf, David. An Imaginary Life. New York. Vintage Books, 1996. Print

Zoe Sharp Tell Me

Zoe Sharp – Tell me (Part A) It is obvious that Grace has many years experience, and knows what she is doing. Grace is trying to find out what has happened to the girl, by interviewing her about the accident, and her life. She digs in to her past by, talking to her even though she’s dead, and reading her hands. Beside that she is using the experience that her job, as a crime investigator has given her. She read the girl very good.It is probably because Grace had a childhood similar to the victim, without a present father figure, who cared about her life and well-being. She find many important clues, In addition, she is patient and is good to ask relevant questions and seems to be stubborn and not give up she will have solved the case. (Part B) Grace is like other detectives, for example Sherlock Holmes and inspector Barnaby. Very quiet and peaceful in their investigation, they don’t stress around, but takes things end as they are, and investigating them.However i f you look at Sherlock Holmes and Barnaby, they have a little more clues to help them. Grace’s investigation is more like, She is living more into the girl's part to find out what happened, so she doesn’t know for sure, what actually happened, because the girl she talks to actually is dead (Part c) I think some women stay with their violent husband, because they may be afraid to say or go against their husband, and then end up getting even more beatings, maybe therefore stay woman with their husband.Otherwise I think it could be because the woman doesn’t have anywhere else to go, or might not have enough money to provide for them, because it is their husband who provides them, maybe he has a good job and earn many moneys, and have a high status, moreover the woman would not lose or miss the social pride. They will of course lose the social status they have, when they are not together, so I short it maybe could be the reason why women continue stay with their vio lent husband.

Functions of Management Paper †MGT 330

Functions of Management Paper - MGT 330 Free Online Research Papers When I think about Management, I think of it as setting clear goals, planning the most effective path to achieve these goals and tasks, dividing work and having strong skills in motivating others, and having a clear standard to successfully achieve the best in each work segment. When setting goals, a manager needs to be someone who can use specific methods to work with his or her organization to successfully achieve the goals. There are four basic functions of management that one should use in order to successfully achieve his or her goals; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These functions are the basis of all careers. They can be implemented no matter who is setting the goals; from small, personally owned businesses to larger corporations. Within the career field I have chosen, these functions have proven to be extremely valuable in achieving the goals that I have set forth in the workplace. Planning is one of the most important of the four functions in management. To be a successful manager one has to show strong planning skills. According to (Bateman Snell, 2009), planning is specifying goals to be achieved and deciding, in advance, the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals. The company that I am employed with, Regions Bank, formally AmSouth Bank, has been in operation for many years and is consistently planning to achieve long and short term goals. Regions Bank is a company that bases its achievements on planning out different marketing strategies for providing new innovative products to its customers. Planning new marketing techniques is the key to a successful business. The second function in management is organizing. According to (Dessler Starke, 2004), organizing is based on arranging the activities of an enterprise in such a way that they systematically contribute to the goals of that enterprise. In most companies people tend to believe that organization is more of a human resource function, but in the banking industry organization it is vital that direct supervisors are making good use of this function as well. Being in the position of a direct supervisor, it has been my duty to allocate resources and make sure that there are job duties set out in order to define individual roles. In addition to defining individual roles, I also develop and administer specific training courses to keep employees on track and keep them wanting to work together with each other in teams. In order to outline the goals of success in the workplace, the work that is set for individuals has to be organized. By keeping the work environment in an organized manner, employe e moral stays high and it keeps everyone looking forward to succeeding. Regions Bank would not have succeeded and grown into the institution that it is today without having a high degree of organization. Leading is the third function of management. Without having someone there to lead or guide an individual or group then there would not be any motivation to want to reach a potential goal. Motivating and encouraging employees is an essential part of operating the company. If employees have a good work environment they tend to be more productive and make the company more profitable by becoming involved. As a leader, I have constant daily contact with employees by using all available communication tools. This gives me the ability to provide direction to individuals as well as within teams, departments, and divisions. I believe that having good communication only builds a stronger bond between an employee and his or her supervisor. Not only are there going to be stronger bonds, but the supervisor will then gain more trust in his or her employees which will, in turn, give the employees more motivation to follow in their leaders footsteps. Controlling is the last of the four functions in management. Controlling is not just knowing what an individual is doing, but setting standards that need to be followed to accomplish a specific goal. Control is the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and corrected without significant deviations (Robbins Coulter, pg.38). In trying to monitor my employees, I have to stay as focused as possible on the activities being done. I have found that if a manager is not monitoring the progress within his or her department then they will not be aware of the changes that may need to be made. After having discussed the four functions in management, I believe that they all play a very important role in having a successful team and organization. There will always be room for improvement with everyone in the company. With the use of the four functions in management; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, I believe that top, middle, and bottom management will be able to work together and keep the company motivated to achieve a desired set goals. In keeping a monitoring system in effect, it will also be easier to keep everyone on the same track to success. By having the knowledge and ability to implement the four management functions discussed above, every business has the ability to achieve any set of goals. References Bateman, Thomas S., Snell, Scott A. (2009). Management: Leading and Collaborating in a Competitive World (8th ed.). , : McGraw-Hill. Dessler, Gary., Starke, Frederick. (2004). Management: Principles and Practice for Tomorrows Leaders (2nd ed.). , : Pearson Educations, Inc. Robbins, Stephen P., Coulter, Mary. (pg. 38). Available from kimba.ku.ac.th/research/Organization%20and%20Management.pdf. 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French Indian War - French Indian War Aftermath

French Indian War - French Indian War Aftermath Previous: 1760-1763 - The Closing Campaigns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview The Treaty of Paris Having abandoned Prussia, clearing the way to make a separate peace with France and Spain, the British entered into peace talks in 1762. After winning stunning victories around the globe, they vigorously debated which captured territories to keep as part of the negotiating process. This debate essentially distilled to an argument for keeping either Canada or islands in the West Indies. While the former was infinitely larger and provided security for Britains existing North American colonies, the latter produced sugar and other valuable trade commodities. Left with little to trade except Minorca, the French foreign minister, the Duc de Choiseul, found an unexpected ally in the head of the British government, Lord Bute. Believing that some territory had to be returned in order to restore a degree of balance of power, he did not press to complete the British victory at the negotiating table. By November 1762, Britain and France, with Spain also participating, completed work on a peace agreement dubbed the Treaty of Paris. As part of the agreement, the French ceded all of Canada to Britain and relinquished all claims to territory east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. In addition, British subjects were guaranteed navigation rights over the length of the river. French fishing rights on the Grand Banks were confirmed and they were allowed to retain the two small islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon as commercial bases. To the south, the British maintained possession of St. Vincent, Dominica, Tobago, and Grenada, but returned Guadeloupe and Martinique to France. In Africa, Gorà ©e was restored to France, but Senegal was kept by the British. On the Indian Subcontinent, France was permitted to re-establish bases that had been founded before 1749, but for trading purposes only. In exchange, the British regained their trading posts in Sumatra. Also, the British agreed to allow former French subjects to continue practicing Roman Catholicism. A late entry into the war, Spain fared badly on the battlefield and in negotiations. Forced to cede their gains in Portugal, they were locked out of the Grand Banks fisheries. In addition, they were forced trade all of Florida to Britain for the return of Havana and the Philippines. This gave Britain control of the North American coast from Newfoundland to New Orleans. The Spanish were also required to acquiesce to a British commercial presence in Belize. As compensation for entering the war, France transferred Louisiana to Spain under the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau. The Treaty of Hubertusburg Hard pressed in the wars final years, Frederick the Great and Prussia saw fortune shine on them when Russia exited the war following Empress Elizabeths death in early 1762. Able to concentrate his few remaining resources against Austria, he won battles at Burkersdorf and Freiburg. Cut off from British financial resources, Frederick accepted Austrian entreaties to begin peace talks in November 1762. These talks ultimately produced the Treaty of Hubertusburg which was signed on February 15, 1763. The terms of the treaty were an effective return to status quo ante bellum. As a result, Prussia retained the wealthy province of Silesia which it had gained by the1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle and which had been a flashpoint for the current conflict. Though battered by the war, the result led to a newfound respect for Prussia and an acceptance of the nation as one of the great powers of Europe. The Road to Revolution Debate over the Treaty of Paris began in Parliament on December 9, 1762. Though not required for approval, Bute felt it a prudent political move as the treatys terms had unleashed a great deal of public outcry. The opposition to the treaty was led by his predecessors William Pitt and the Duke of Newcastle who felt that the terms were far too lenient and who criticized the governments abandonment of Prussia. Despite the vocal protest, the treaty passed the House of Commons by a vote of 319-64. As a result, the final document was officially signed on February 10, 1763. While triumphant, the war had badly stressed Britains finances plunging the nation into debt. In an effort to alleviate these financial burdens, the government in London began exploring various options for raising revenues and underwriting the cost of colonial defense. Among those pursued were a variety of proclamations and taxes for the North American colonies. Though a wave of goodwill for Britain existed in the colonies in the wake of the victory, it was quickly extinguished that fall with the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. This was intended to stabilize relations with the Native American population, most of which had sided with France in the recent conflict, as well as reduce the cost of colonial defense. In America, the proclamation was met with outrage as many colonists had either purchased land west of the mountains or had received land grants for services rendered during the war. This initial anger was escalated by a series of new taxes including the Sugar Act (1764), Currency Act (1765), Stamp Act (1765), Townshend Acts (1767), and Tea Act (1773). Lacking a voice in Parliament, the colonists claimed taxation without representation, and protests and boycotts swept through the colonies. This widespread anger, coupled with a rise in liberalism and republicanism, placed the American colonies on the road to the American Revolution. Previous: 1760-1763 - The Closing Campaigns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview

Discuss what is gained and what is lost as those transformed by the Essay

Discuss what is gained and what is lost as those transformed by the movement of the African diaspora and how they are able to translate their experiences into a new and more vibrant culture - Essay Example There have been several cultures which have risen due to this dispersion, and it has brought about several effects as well; positive and negative. Both the positive negative effects have led to development of unique cultures with traits borrowed from the different societies Africans lived in after dispersion. Failure of slave trade brought about a different form of evil when many expected freedom from oppression. Chinua Achebe in his book Arrow of God shows the results of the entry of colonialists into the community. Captain Winterbottom, a colonialist wanted to show the villagers of Umuaro and Okperi that he was in charge thus, he burnt all their guns (Achebe, 39). After the abolition of slave trade the colonialist tried informal trade which proved quite difficult to achieve, as it became irksome trying to promote equality in trade. This led to direct rule as explained above, and they placed their representatives with army support in their different African constituents. Many fled their small homes due to oppression, and after many countries had gained independence the available land was left to those who sided with the white man rule. This explains the wide gap between the poor and the rich, yet the poor learnt to live in poverty and to struggle to survive and change their status. This gave birth to what is commonly known as ‘ghettos’; a community for those who lived below the poverty line. However civil rights movements and freedom wars eventually led to freedom of many African countries. However the Diaspora did not stop as the new African Diaspora was born. Traffic out of Africa is at a high percentage now than ever before. The earlier Diaspora sparked curiosity on the availability of opportunities in western countries. This has in turn led to brain drain in African countries, and in worse scenarios those left in the African

Good Practices in independent consultancy Essay

Good Practices in independent consultancy - Essay Example A good working knowledge of the industry is also critical for the consultant, as well as a proven track record of past successes with previous clients. For this, the consultant must be updated on current trends and forecasts in the industry. Although this report focuses on my own field of expertise, you will see that the practices and ethics apply to all forms of consultancy and are based upon good human relations, the wherewithal to analyze accurately, expediency and prompt delivery of results. It is also imperative respond to reasonable client contacts promptly. I was contacted by the owner of CafAntonio, a popular small restaurant in Tor Quay, Devon. Over the phone, he told me that he was very concerned about the amount of increase in his expenditures due to high fuel prices and an increase in dairy prices. He didn't see how he could avoid raising prices and wished to explore other options. In the initial contact we discussed my skills, background and fees. Upon his verbal agreement to my fee (Caldwell, Mark), I made an appointment to visit the establishment the following afternoon at 14.30. The site was visited on 13 June 2005 at 14.30. The owner was interviewed about his bookkeeping practices as well as his menu content, staff, and equipment. He provided his records for the previous year as well as the current year. The site was then toured to observe the work of staff, food preparation and disposal, and current inventory of food, beverages, place settings, serviettes and non-perishables. The owner was questioned regarding utilization of extra portions and unused perishable ingredients, as well as an estimation of average daily sales. The owner was asked for and provided inventory records for a